The Centre conducts research and publishes reports on meetings, workshops and issues relating to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in countries throughout the Asia Pacific. In this section, relevant reports relating to R2P can be found for each country in the region, along with overviews and details of relevant partner programs.
Implementing The Responsibility To Protect In The Asia Pacific - An Assessment of Progress and Challenges 2019 (PDF, 5.3MB) is the Centre's overarching research of the area, and provides an assessment of the implementation of R2P for each country in the region, as of October 2019. The assessment was based on the Secretary-General's Annual Reports on R2P, and the Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes (accessible from the Core R2P Documents page). This assessment forms a 'baseline' of the region, so research in future years can measure progress (or regression) of R2P within each country over time.
Thus the long term objective of the Baseline Assessments is to identify and develop policies, initiatives and practices from these assessments, that can positively contribute to the implementation of R2P throughout the region and into the future.
2023 Update
This report is an updated assesment of R2P throughout the Asia Pacifiic, buidling on the past two years reports. Read it here: Implementening the Responsibility to Protect in the Asia Pacific: An Assessment of Progress of Challnges, 2023/24 (PDF, 725 KB) The full country reports have also been updated and can be found below.
2022 Update
Implementing the Responsibility to Protect In The Asia Pacific - An Assessment of Progress and Challenges (PDF, 1.8MB) has now been updated for May 2022. Building on the previous version, it measures improvements and decreases in R2P throughout the Asia Pacific in the last two years.
The associated technical annexes described in both the 2019 and 2022 versions, which provide more details of the assessment findings for each country, can be found below under the respective country sections.
Australia
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Australia's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.3MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Australia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 800 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
2008 Submission Paper: Joint Submission by APR2P and act for peace to the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade: Inquiry into Australia's Relationship with ASEAN (PDF, 142KB).
2008 Submission Paper: Joint Submission by APR2P and act for peace to the 2008 Defence White Paper (PDF, 201KB).
Brunei Darussalam
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Brunei's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 738KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Brunei's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 644KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Brunei's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,0 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Cambodia
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Cambodia's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 877KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Cambodia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 877KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Cambodia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,4 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
SInce 2010, the Centre and the Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace (CICP) have co-hosted a Cambodian national workshop on atrocities prevention as well as numerous policy dialogues. In 2015, the collaboration produced a major conference in Phnom Penh: The Responsibility to Protect at 10: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in the Asia Pacific. After five years of collaboration, the Centre's Cambodian Country Program was formalised with the signing of an MOU in 2015.
Institutional Partners
Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace
The CICP is an independent, neutral research institute based in Phnom Penh. This civil society organisation has been instrumental in promoting domestic and regional dialogue between various governments, national and international organisations, scholars and the private sector. A variety of topics have been covered in these dialogues, including peace and democracy, security, foreign policy, conflict prevention and resolution, economics and national development.
His Royal Highness Norodom Sirivudh, Chair of the CICP, is a Patron of the Centre.
More information on the CICP can be found on their website.
Documentation Center of Cambodia
APR2P also works with the Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam). DC-Cam is an independent research institute dedicated to the remembering and documenting the Cambodian Genocide. It has a large archive of documents, and carries out searches for missing family members and compiles witness testimonies. It also provides educational resources and advice for those seeking justice or wanting to learn more about the Cambodian Genocide.
More information about DC-Cam can be found on their website here.
Contacts in Cambodia
Pou Sothirak - Executive Director of CICP
His Excellency Ambassador Pou Sothirak received a Bachelor's degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Oregon State University in the US and then worked as an engineer at Boeing in Seattle. He then returned to Cambodia as a Humanitarian Coordinator for USAID in the field of education and community development at a refugee camp along the border of Thailand and Cambodia. Subsequently, he was elected as a Member of Parliament twice and for part of his time there was the Minister for Industry, Mining and Energy in the Royal Government of Cambodia. Thereafter, he was appointed the Cambodian Ambassador to Japan and has also spent time as a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) in Singapore. He is currently the Executive Director of CICP as well as an advisor to the Cambodian government.
Youk Chhang - Executive Director of DC-Cam
Youk Chhang is the Executive Director of DC-Cam and a well-known researcher and advocate for bringing justice for the victims of the Cambodian Genocide. A survivor of the genocide himself, Mr. Chhang has received numerous awards for his work in standing against human rights violations and crimes against humanity. He continues to work towards building The Sleuk Rith Institute, a research hub in Phnom Penh dedicated to genocide and human rights studies.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Cambodia and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
SPOTLIGHT Cambodia: Capacity Building Workshop on "Lessons Learned for ASEAN regarding Civil-Military Relations and Atrocities Prevention" (PDF, 445KB), January 2023.
SPOTLIGHT Cambodia Public Seminar: The Ukraine War: Implications for International Laws, R2P, and Southeast Asia (PDF, 785KB), January 2023.
SPOTLIGHT Cambodia Public Seminar: Reflections on the Khmer Rouge Tribunal: Its Past, Present, and Possible Futures (PDF, 645KB), January 2023.
Cambodian R2P Program 2021: The Significance of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Myanmar (PDF, 423KB), March 2022.
Cambodian R2P Program 2021: Virtual Seminar on "Responding to the Myanmar Crisis: The Role of the UN and ASEAN" (PDF, 462KB), March 2022.
Cambodian R2P Program 2021: How Can International Mechanisms be Effectively Applied in The National Context to Prevent Atrocities? (PDF, 335KB), March 2022.
Cambodian R2P Program 2021: "ASEAN's Role in Managing the Myanmar Crisis" (PDF, 382KB), March 2022.
The 45th Anniversary of Khmer Rouge Victory: What Lessons Could Cambodia Share? (PDF, 974KB), April 2021.
The Responsibility to Protect at 15: Challenges and Future Prospects (PDF, 1.6MB), April 2021.
Issue 43, September 2017 Spotlight: Second National Dialogue on R2P and Atrocities Prevention, (PDF, 575KB), based on the summary report by Prof. Pou Sovachana and Charadine Pich.
Issue 34, October 2016 Spotlight: Cambodia: National Dialogue on R2P and Atrocity Prevention, (PDF, 3.1MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
Issue 24, October 2015 Spotlight: Phnom Penh Public Seminar: High Level Advisory Panel's Report on Mainstreaming Responsibility to Protect in Southeast Asia, (PDF, 1.5MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
Issue 22, September 2015 Spotlight: Promoting Responsibility to Protect in Cambodia: What Role for Academia? (PDF, 1.1MB), by Prof. Pou Sovachana.
Issue 13, September 2014 Spotlight: Promoting the Responsibility to Protect in ASEAN: What role for Cambodia? (PDF, 861KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2010 Working Paper: The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia and the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 1.2MB), by Rebecca Gidley.
2010 Workshop Report: Workshop on Responsibility to Protect Constituency Building in Cambodia (PDF, 2.2MB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
China
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
China's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
China's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 976KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
China's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,6 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
Established in 2010, the Centre's China Country Program seeks to engage leading Chinese researchers and policy advisors in deepening their understanding of R2P in China and advancing recommendations relevant to China's implementation of R2P. The research and academic engagement component of this program, which works closely with the Centre's Deputy Director, is coordinated by Professor Liu Tiewa, Deputy Director at the Research Centre on the United Nations and International Organizations (RCUNIO).
In addition to our partnership with RCUNIO, in 2014 the Centre established an institutional partnership with the China Institute of International Studies (CIIS), the think-tank of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As part of this ongoing partnership agreement, CIIS and the Centre committed to co-hosting an annual dialogue to share Australian and Chinese perspectives along with relevant research and publications on R2P. The dialogues also facilitate the hosting of visiting scholar exchanges to advance collaborative research projects.
Institutional Partners
Founded in 2010, RCUNIO is dedicated to research on the UN and international organisations to enhance China's role in these areas. It provides support for China's diplomatic practice and strategic decision making. By developing collaborative relations with international partners, RCUNIO seeks to develop a leading academic research platform with high-level talents.
To learn more, visit their website.
Based in Beijing, the CIIS is the think-tank of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and conducts research and analysis on a wide range of foreign policy issues. This research primarily focuses on medium and long-term policy issues of strategic importance to China, and also offering commentaries on major events in world affairs.
For more information, visit their website.
Contacts in China
Dr. Liu Tiewa - China Country Program Coordinator
Dr. Liu is Assistant Professor in the School of International Relations and Diplomacy and Deputy Director at the RCUNIO, both at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Dr. Liu is a leading expert on China's policy on R2P and serves the Centre's International Advisory Board. From July 2014 to June 2015, Dr. Liu was a visiting research fellow at the Centre during which time she completed the first edited volume on R2P in Chinese: 'The Responsibility to Protect: Chinese Perspectives on International Norm Building'. The volume was publishe by Peking University Press in 2015.
For further information regarding APR2P's China Country Program, you can email the Centre's Deputy Director, Dr. Sarah Teitt, at s.teitt@uq.edu.au.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about China and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Regional Outlook summaries.
Issue 59, September 2019 Spotlight: Fifth Annual China-Australia Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 1.1MB).
Issue 45, July 2018 Spotlight: Fourth Annual China-Australia Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect: Peacekeeping and Accountability for Atrocity Prevention (PDF, 1.6MB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
Issue 36, February 2017 Spotlight: Third Annual China-Australia Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect: The Role of Peacekeeping in Atrocities Prevention (PDF, 1.1MB).
Issue 35, December 2016 Spotlight: Third Annual China-Australia Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 519KB), key note address by Mr. Ivan Simonovic, Special Advisor to the UN Secretary-General on the Responsibility to Protect.
Issue 25, December 2015 Spotlight: Second Annual China-Australia Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 3.0MB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
Issue 16, November 2014 Spotlight: First Annual Dialogue between Chinese Institute of International Studies and the Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 1.4MB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
2014 R2P Ideas in Brief: China and the International Humanitarian Order (PDF, 444KB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
2008 Report: China and the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 130KB), by Dr. Sarah Teitt.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea's (DPRK) Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 755KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
The DPRK's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 587KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
DPRK's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about the DPRK and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page to see the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries. Alternatively, you can email the Centre's Director Prof. Alex Bellamy at a.bellamy@uq.edu.au.
Fiji
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Fiji's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 783KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Fiji's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 751KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Fiji's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,7 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Fiji and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Atrocity Prevention page to see the corresponding Risk Assessments.
Indonesia
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Indonesia's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.3MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Indonesia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 804KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Indonesia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,6 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
The Centre works closely with the Human Rights Working Group (HRWG) Indonesia in hosting workshops and public seminars in Indonesia. In 2014 the Centre and HRWG Indonesia co-hosted a series of workshops for Indonesian parliamentarians on mass atrocities prevention, the first in Bogor and the second in Tangerang, Indonesia. HRWG Indonesia was also a key advisor for a Centre workshop held in August 2014 in Jakarta on ASEAN and the 2015 public seminar on the HLAP Report.
Institutional Partners
Human Rights Working Group (HRWG) - Indonesia
HRWG Indonesia is a network of more than 48 non-governmental organisations working on the promotion of human rights in Indonesia. It was established in 2000 by NGOs seeking out a platform to coordinate and lead international advocacy efforts. HRWG Indonesia's main objective is to promote government accountability of constitutional obligations and international standards and maximise available human rights mechanisms to respect, promote, protect and fulfill human rights. Their advocacy efforts are aimed at the UN, ASEAN and Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). For more information, visit their website.
Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) - Indonesia
CSIS seeks to contribute to improved policy making through policy-orientated research, dialogue and public debate. The Centre's research and studies are channelled in various forms such as independent advice to government, universities and research institutions, civil society organisations, media, and business. They particularly focus on economics, politics and social change, and topics within international relations which are relevant to public policy.
Contacts in Indonesia
Lina Alexandra - Senior Researcher, Department of International Relations, CSIS - Indonesia
Lina joined CSIS in 2002, where she now holds the position of Senior Researcher focusing primarily on international peacekeeping and peacebuilding, human rights, human security, and conflict resolution. She has also been a Visiting Research Fellow at the Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect where she has helped the Centre in implementing its country program in Indonesia.
Lina holds a BA in Political Science from the University of Indonesia and both a Masters in International Studies and PhD from the University of Queensland, Australia.
Muhamad Hafiz - Executive Director, HRWG Indonesia
Muhamad has been a member of HRWG - Indonesia since 2007 where he spent time as a researcher and program manager for UN and OIC Advocacy. As well as assuming the role of Executive Director for HRWG, Muhamad has also been part of the organisation's working group which was established to help ensure Indonesia fulfils its obligations to protect and promote human rights within the country.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Indonesia and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
April 2023 Spotlight: Public Seminar on National Collective Violence Database in 2022: Findings and Analysis (PDF, 362KB).
Issue 52, September 2018 Spotlight: Third Indonesian National Dialogue on the UN Framework of Analysis for Risk of Atrocities 2018 (PDF, 2.8MB).
Issue 42, September 2017 Spotlight: Second Indonesian National Dialogue on R2P and Atrocities Prevention (PDF, 1.9MB), by Dr. Noel Morada and Lina Alexander.
Issue 33, October 2016 Spotlight: Indonesia: National Dialogue on R2P and Atrocities Prevention (PDF, 1.9MB), by Dr. Noel Morada and Lina Alexander.
Issue 26, March 2016 Spotlight: Developing and Strengthening National Mechanisms for Atrocities Prevention in Indonesia (PDF, 577KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2015 Op-ed in Global Observatory: Protecting the Rohingya: Delivering on a Shared Responsibility, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 19, April 2015 Spotlight: Public Seminars on the High Level Advisory Panel's (HLAP) Report on Mainstreaming R2P in Southeast Asia: Bangkok and Jakarta (PDF, 2.0MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
Issue 18, March 2015 Spotlight: APR2P/HRWG/ATAP Seminar on the Role of Parliament in Mass Atrocity Prevention (PDF, 2.4MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2014 Op-ed in Global Observatory: To Build Regional Community, Southeast Asian Leaders Advocate for "Responsibility to Protect", by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 11, July 2014 Spotlight: Preventing Mass Atrocities: The Role of Parliamentarians and Civil Society Groups in Indonesia (PDF, 578KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2014 Workshop Report: ASEAN and the Prevention of Violence Against Women in Conflict and Humanitarian Situations, (PDF, 1.5MB).
2010 Research Report: Indonesia and Post-New Order Reforms: Challenges and Opportunties for Promoting the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 990KB), by Annie Pohlman.
2009 Workshop Report: Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection: Asia Pacific Perspectives (PDF, 2.6MB).
2009 Centre Report: Regional Workshop on Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection (PDF, 295KB).
Japan
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Japan's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.3MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Japan's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 566KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Japan'd Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,3 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Institutional Partners
Asian Human Community (AHC), Waseda University
The AHC aims at promoting human security and non-traditional security in Asia in cooperation with the Center for Non-Traditional Security Studies, Nanyang Technology University, Asian Network for Free Election (ANFREL) and other networks.
The AHC adopts multi-disciplinary research composed of different eminent researchers for expertise on peace, human rights, conflict, humanitarian crises and other issues associated with atrocity prevention.
For more information, visit Waseda University's AHC website.
Centre Publications
April 2023 Spotlight: Second Japan National Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect and Atrocities Prevention (PDF, 5.5MB).
March 2022 Spotlight: Japan R2P Project 2021: First National Dialogue on R2P and Atrocities Prevention (PDF, 663KB).
2009 Centre Report: Update Report: Japan and the Crisis in Sri Lanka (PDF, 238KB).
2008 Centre Report: Japan and the Republic of Korea on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 172KB).
Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos)
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
The Lao People's Democratic Republic's (Laos) Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.3MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Laos' Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 777KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Lao's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,3 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about the Lao People's Democratic Republic and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessments and Regional Outlook summaries.
Malaysia
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Malaysia's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.3MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Malaysia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 731KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Malaysia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 803 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
Malaysia is the home of one of the Centre's emerging Country Programs in Southeast Asia. Since their election as a non-permanent member to the UN Security Council in 2015, Malaysia has shown itself to be supportive of R2P, voting in favour of several resolutions affirming the principle. APR2P works closely with a variety of think tanks, academic institutions and government officials from Malaysia who have participated in regional dialogues hosted by the Centre. This includes the Workshop on ASEAN and the Prevention of Violence Against Women in Conflict held in Jakarta in 2014. Malaysia has also hosted several events focused on promoting the implementation of R2P thorughout Southeast Asia.
The prominent Malaysian journalist and social commentator Marina Mahathir serves on the High Level Advisory Panel on the Responsibility to Protect in Southeast Asia.
Institutional Partners
Beyond Borders Malaysia
Beyond Borders Malaysia advocates on behalf of refugees, asylum seekers and stateless persons about their rights, particularly around work, healthcare, and education. They also hold workshops and festivals allowing those in the refugee community to express themselves in an artistic manner and share experiences with other refugees and to raise awareness of issues that affect them.
Both Beyond Borders Malaysia and its founder Mahi Ramakrishnan have worked in areas regarding trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence and gender-based atrocity crimes affecting refugee communities.
For more information, visit their website.
Malaysian Centre for Constitutionalism and Human Rights (MCCHR)
MCCHR promotes human rights in Malaysia through three primary areas:
1. UndiMsia! Program: A civic education project to empower youth and increase the number of activists through activism programme.
2. Strategic Litigation Program: To use the power of the courts to change laws and policies by providing legal and non-legal advocacy training for the next generation of human rights lawyers in order to defend and promote constitutional protection and human rights.
3. Law and policy reform: To consult the relevant stakeholders by organising national stakeholder consultation sessions and make provisional technical law and policy recommendations to the government with a view to advance and accelerate human rights reforms.
For more information, visit their website.
Centre Publications
Issue 30, May 2016 Spotlight: Malaysia: Atrocities Prevention Workshop and the HLAP Report Public Seminar (PDF, 2.1MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2015 Op-ed in Global Observatory: Protecting the Rohingya: Delivering on a Shared Responsibility, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
2014 Op-ed in Global Observatory: To Build Regional Community, Southeast Asian Leaders Advocate for "Responsibility to Protect", by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Mongolia
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Mongolia's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.4MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Mongolia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 840KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Mongolia's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,6 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Myanmar (Burma)
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Myanmar's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 1.2MB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Myanmar's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 665KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Myanmar's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,3 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Myanmar and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessments and Regional Outlook summaries.
April 2023: ASEAN and the Myanmar Humanitarian Crisis: Overcoming Challenges and Identifying Pathways (PDF, 1.4MB), by Professor Mely Caballero-Anthony.
September 2021 APR2P Report: Atrocity crimes in Myanmar? Assessing violence in the wake of the 1 February 2021 attempted coup (PDF, 1.0MB), by Sophie Ryan and Genevieve Feely.
April 2021 APR2P Report: Myanmar and the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 471KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
Issue 39, August 2017 Spotlight: APR2P hosts public seminar - Myanmar Human Rights and Democracy: Progress and Deadlocks (PDF, 1.5MB).
December 2016 Protection Gateway Blog Statement: Action needed to resolve Rakhine Crisis (PDF, 73KB), by Dr. Noel Morada, Prof. Alex Bellamy and Dr. Sarah Teitt.
October 2016 Protection Gateway Blog Update: The Situation in Rakhine, Myanmar (PDF, 38KB), by Dr. Noel Morada, Prof. Alex Bellamy and Dr. Sarah Teitt.
2016 Op-ed in Global Observatory: The 21st Century Panglong: Myanmar's New Hope for Peace, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 27, April 2016 Spotlight: Myanmar and Minority Protection under the NLD: Challenges and Opportunities (PDF, 852KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2015 Op-ed in Global Observatory: Protecting the Rohingya: Delivering on a Shared Responsibility, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 20a, July 2015 Spotlight: Preventing Election Violence in Myanmar: Challenges and Prospects (PDF, 4.2MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2015 Press Release: Responsibility to Protect and the Prevention of Election Violence in Myanmar, (PDF, 226KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2013 R2P Ideas in Brief, vol. 3, no. 1: Growing Ethnic Tensions in Myanmar and Indonesia: R2P and Promotion of Communal Dialogue, (PDF, 710KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2012 R2P Ideas in Brief, vol. 2, no. 9: ASEAN, the Rohingyas and Myanmar's Responsibility to Protect, (PDF, 931KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2011 R2P Ideas in Brief, vol. 1, no. 2: Burma/Myanmar Spring: Surreal or so real?, (PDF, 529KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2008 Centre Report: Cyclone Nargis and the Responsibility to Protect: Myanmar/Burma Briefing No. 2, (PDF, 397KB).
New Zealand
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
New Zealand's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 906KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
New Zealand's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 831KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
New Zealand''s Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,3 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Papua New Guinea
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Papua New Guinea's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 702KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Papua New Guinea's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 645KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Papua New Guinea's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 900 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Papua New Guinea and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
The Philippines
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
The Philippines' Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 668KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
The Philippines' Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 611KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
The Phillipines Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,1 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
The Centre has engaged with The Philippines in a range of activities to promote R2P. It includes intensive training programs for Philippine government policy analysts funded by AusAid, support for the Philippine Council for Islam and Democracy (PCID) in hosting R2P training workshops for Muslim human rights workers in Mindanao and cooperting with the ICRtoP to host a semiar series in Manila. APR2P has two partners in The Philippines: the Foregn Service Institute (FSI) of the The Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs, and Ateneo de Manila University.
Contacts in The Philippines
Dr. Maria Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza, Ateneo de Manila University
Dr. Maria Lourdes Veneracion-Rallonza is a feminist political scientist. Her research interests include women in politics, women's human rights in armed conflict situations, transnational women's movements, international norms against wartime rape and sexual violence and women's politics at the margin of everyday life. She is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Politcal Science at the Ateneo de Manila University. She has a BA in Political Science, MA in International Studies and a PhD in Political Science from the University of the Philippines.
Institutional Partners
Initiatives for International Dialogue (IID)
IID conducts policy advocacy, engagement and campaign programs in Burma, Mindanao, Southern Thailand, West Papua, Timor Leste and Southeast Asia in general. Specifically, IID has three atrocity prevention programs:
- The Peace Process program intended to strengthen public involvement in peace-building processes.
- The Right to Self-Determination and Solidarity program which aims to develop, expand and strengthen people-to-people solidarity in the region.
- The Knowledge Management and Communications program, where IID’s rich and broad experience, and discourse on people-to-people solidarity is harnessed and imparted programmatically and systematically through organisational learning and knowledge sharing.
For more information, visit their website.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about The Philippines and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
April 2023 Spotlight: Executive Seminar on Gender and Transitional Justice (PDF, 584KB).
2014 Op-ed in Global Observatory: To Build Regional Community, Southeast Asian Leaders Advocate for "Responsibility to Protect", by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
2009 Inventory Report: R2P and Civil Society Organisations in The Philippines (PDF, 543KB)
2009 Workshop Report: R2P Constituency Building in The Philippines (PDF, 801KB).
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
South Korea's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 941KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
South Korea's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 843KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
South Korea's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,2 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
The Republic of Korea is one of the region's principle supporters of R2P, and was the first East Asian country to appoint a National R2P Focal Point. APR2P works closely with a number of organisations in the country, including the Korean National Diplomatic Academy, the Korean Institute for National Unification and Korea University. The Centre's engagement with South Korea has thus far focused mainly on the question of protecting vulnerable populations in the DPRK but the scope of the engagement is widening to include cooperation to support the UN Secretary-General's strategy for implementing R2P. This broadened strategy focuses especially on the role of National R2P Focal Points and the relationship between R2P and peacebuilding.
For further information regarding engagement with South Korea and R2P's application in the DPRK, email the Centre's Director Prof. Alex Bellamy at a.bellamy@uq.edu.au.
Centre Publications
2008 Centre Report: Japan and the Republic of Korea on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 172KB).
Singapore
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Singapore's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 773KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Singapore's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 692KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Singapore's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 900 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
Singapore is a regional hub for research and policy work connected to human protection and advancing the implementation of R2P. APR2P is a proud member of the Consortium of Non-Traditional Security Studies in Asia (NTS-Asia) and also works closely with the Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, a member of APPAP. Among other things, the two centres cooperate to support the High Level Advisory Panel on R2P in Southeast Asia. APR2P plans to work closely with Nanyang Technological University in the near future to promote new dialogue on R2P in Singapore.
Solomon Islands
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Solomon Islands' Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 682KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Solomon Islands' Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 638KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Solomon Islands Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 632 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about the Solomon Islands and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
Thailand
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Thailand's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 934KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Thailand's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 857KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Thailand's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,2 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Country Program Overview
The Centre works with Chulalongkorn University's Department of International Relations in the Faculty of Political Science to host a range of dialogues and workshops in Bangkok. Past events include the 'Conference on Regional Capacity to Protect, Prevent and Respond', a seminar on 'Prevention of Atrocity Crimes in the ASEAN region', the 'First Southeast Asia-Africa Dialogue on Regionalism, Norms Promotion and Capacity Building for Human Protection' and the 'Public Seminar on the High Level Advisory Panel's (HLAP) report'.
Institutional Partner
Chulalongkorn University was established by King Vajiravudh (King Rama VI) in 1916 as the first university in Thailand and is today one of the most reputable and well-known universities in the country. The Faculty of Political Science was one of the first four faculties established at Chulalongkorn University.
For more information, please visit their website.
Contacts in Thailand
Sriprapha Petcharamesree - Director of PhD Program, Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies, Mahidol University
Sriprapha served as the Thai representative, at the behest of Thailand's government, on the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights from 2009 to 2012. She is currently a senior lecturer and director of Mahidol University's PhD program in Human Rights and Peace Studies (International) within the Institute of Human Rights and Peace Studies.
Sriprapha received her BA in Political Science from Thammasat University in Thailand and both a DEA in Comparative Politics and a PhD in Southeast Asian Studies from the University of Paris-X Nanterre in France. Dr. Petcharamesree has been widely published in her research areas of ASEAN and Southeast Asian studies, migration and related issues of statelessness and citizenship, as well as various other human rights issues.
Bhanubhatra Kaan Jittiang - Director of MA and PhD Program in International Development Studies (MAIDS-GRID), Chulalongkorn University
Dr. Bhanubhatra Jittiang is a development sociologist and a lecturer in the Department of International Relations at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. He is also the current Director of the M.A. and Ph.D. Program in International Development Studies (MAIDS-GRID), and the President of the Asylum Access Thailand Foundation.
Dr. Jittiang completed his doctorate in sociology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research and teaching interests encompass forced migration and refugee studies, urban sociology, African studies, and international development. His regional focus is Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Currently, Dr. Jittiang is conducting a series of studies on refugees in Thailand, exploring human capital of urban refugees, their prospects of integration into Thai society, and alternatives to detention. His recent publications include Barriers and Bridges: Urban Refugees and Labor Market Integration in Thailand (IKMAS, UKM, Malaysia), Is the Light Getting Dimmer for Urban Refugees in Thailand in the Time of Covid-19? (SHAPE-Sea, Thailand), and Struggling in the Land of Impunity (Journal of Asian Studies).
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Thailand and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
April 2023 Spotlight: Thailand National Dialogue on the Responsibility to Protect (PDF, 3.3MB).
April 2022 Spotlight: Thailand R2P Program 2021: National Dialogue on Atrocities Prevention: "Next Steps for Atrocity Prevention in Thailand and Southeast Asia" (PDF, 651KB).
Report: Ad hoc and as usual: Thai Government's Responses to the Myanmar Crisis since the 2021 Coup (PDF, 977KB), by Bhanubhatra Jittiang, Worrawit Sirijintana, and Thanawit Wangpuchakane.
Issue 54, November 2018 Spotlight: Second Thai National Dialogue on Atrocities Prevention: Locating Violence and Possibilities for Application of R2P in the Thai Context (PDF, 418KB), by Pranee Thiparat.
Issue 53, October 2018 Spotlight: First National Dialogue on Atrocity Prevention: Locating R2P in the Thai Context 2017 (PDF, 469KB).
2015 Op-ed in Global Observatory: Protecting the Rohingya: Delivering on a Shared Resonsibility, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 19, April 2015 Spotlight: Public Seminars on the High Level Advisory Panel's (HLAP) Report on Mainstreaming R2P in Southeast Asia: Bangkok and Jakarta (PDF, 2.0MB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
2014 Op-ed in Global Observatory: To Build Regional Community, Southeast Asian Leaders Advocate for "Responsibility to Protect", by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
Issue 8, April 2014 Spotlight: Prevention of Atrocity Crimes in the ASEAN region: the Role of Parliamentarians (PDF, 464KB), by Dr. Noel Morada.
Timor-Leste
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Timor-Leste's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 728KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Timor-Leste's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 647KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Timor-Leste's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 825 KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Institutional Partners
Belun
Belun is strengthening its conflict prevention program through the Asia Pacific's first Early Warning and Early Response System for violence at the community and regional level. Belun also supports gender equality and inclusion in partnership with the Secretary of State for Equality and Inclusion, as well as the Women, Peace and Security agenda with UN Women. Belun monitors incidents including gender-based violence and domestic violence, conducts conflict analysis, and produces publications.
For more information, or to access Belun's Early Warning and Early Response System, visit their website.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Timor-Leste and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
Vanuatu
R2P 2022 Baseline Overview
Vanuatu's Baseline Assessment 2022 (PDF, 734KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers evaluation ratings based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the UN Secretary-General's Framework and Annual Reports.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Vanuatu's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,5 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
For up-to-date information about Vanuatu and R2P, visit the Early Warning and Risk Assessments page for the corresponding Risk Assessment and Regional Outlook summaries.
Vietnam
R2P 2019 Baseline Overview
Vietnam's Baseline Assessment Annex (PDF, 789KB) analyses the country's implementation of the R2P principle and offers an evaluation rating based on how closely their policies and initiatives match the goals set out in the Secretary-General's Framework.
R2P 2022 Updated Overview
Vietnam's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 714KB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and provides details on where it has improved or declined in protecting its populations from atrocity crimes.
R2P 2023 Updated Overview
Vietnam's Updated R2P Assessment (PDF, 1,0 MB) updates the baseline data of R2P implementation in the country, and idenitifies the emerging trends in its R2P-implementation.
Centre Publications
2015 Op-ed in Global Observatory: Protecting the Rohingya: Delivering on a Shared Responsibility, by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
2014 Op-ed in Global Observatory: To Build Regional Community: Southeast Asian Leaders Advocate for "Responsibility to Protect", by Prof. Alex Bellamy.
2011 Working Paper: The Responsibility to Protect in Viet Nam: Challenges, Opportunities and Cases for Implementation (PDF, 1.2MB), by Joanne Cotton and Annie Pohlman.
2011 R2P Ideas in Brief vol. 1, no. 3: Ethnic Minority Protection in Viet Nam: An R2P Challenge (PDF, 736KB), by Joanne Cotton and Annie Pohlman.